“According to data from the United States
Department of Education’s 2009 Fall Staff Survey, of the nearly 1.8 million
faculty members and instructors who made up the 2009 instructional workforce in
degree-granting two- and four-year institutions of higher education in the
United States, more than 1.3 million (75.5%) were employed in contingent
positions off the tenure track, either as part-time or adjunct faculty members,
full-time non-tenure-track faculty members, or graduate student teaching
assistants. Despite the majority status of the contingent academic workforce,
the systematic information available on the working conditions of these
employees is minimal…
“In an effort to address the lack of data on contingent faculty
members and their working conditions, the Coalition on the Academic Workforce
(CAW) fielded an ambitious survey in fall 2010, seeking information about the
courses these faculty members were teaching that term, where they were teaching
them, and for what pay and benefits. The survey received close to 30,000
responses, with just over 20,000 coming from individuals who identified
themselves as working in a contingent position at an institution or institutions
of higher education in fall 2010.
“The survey was open to any faculty member or instructor who
wished to complete a questionnaire; respondents therefore do not constitute a
strictly representative sample of faculty members working in contingent
positions. Nevertheless, the response provides the basis for a more detailed
portrait of the work patterns, remuneration, and employment conditions for what
has long been the fastest-growing and is now the largest part of the academic
workforce.
“The CAW survey was designed with
a particular focus on faculty members teaching part-time at United States
institutions of higher education. Numbering more than 700,000, this population
represents more than 70% of the contingent academic workforce and almost half
the entire higher education faculty in the United States. Faculty members in
part-time positions were also by far the largest group of respondents to the
CAW survey, providing 10,331 of the 19,850 valid responses from contingent
faculty members and instructors who were teaching at least one course in fall
2010. Of these part-time faculty respondents, 9,238 provided data on a total of
19,615 courses they were teaching.
“The following report provides initial
findings from the survey, looking specifically at the part-time faculty
respondents and the data they provided at the course level. The report also
raises a series of questions that other researchers might pursue to develop an
even richer understanding of part-time faculty in higher education and topics
for future reports looking at the other groups of respondents.
“Key Findings: While the report provides details on demographics, working
conditions, and professional support as reported by the faculty respondents who
indicated they were teaching part-time in fall 2010, several key indicators
stand out that show how heavily colleges and universities are relying on
part-time faculty members while failing to support them adequately.
◆ The median pay per course,
standardized to a three-credit course, was $2,700 in fall 2010 and ranged in
the aggregate from a low of $2,235 at two-year colleges to a high of $3,400 at
four-year doctoral or research universities. While compensation levels varied
most consistently by type of institution, part-time faculty respondents report
low compensation rates per course across all institutional categories.
◆ Part-time faculty respondents
saw little, if any, wage premium based on their credentials. Their compensation
lags behind professionals in other fields with similar credentials, and they
experienced little in the way of a career ladder (higher wages after several
years of work).
◆ Professional support for
part-time faculty members’ work outside the classroom and inclusion in academic
decision making was minimal.
◆ Part-time teaching is not
necessarily temporary employment, and those teaching part-time do not
necessarily prefer a part-time to a full-time position. Over 80% of respondents
reported teaching part-time for more than three years, and over half for more
than six years. Furthermore, over three-quarters of respondents said they have
sought, are now seeking, or will be seeking a full-time tenure-track position,
and nearly three-quarters said they would definitely or probably accept a
full-time tenure-track position at the institution at which they were currently
teaching if such a position were offered.
◆ Course loads
varied significantly among respondents. Slightly more than half taught one
course or two courses during the fall 2010 term, while slightly fewer than half taught three or more..."
from a 51-page Survey Report conducted by the Coalition on the Academic Workforce
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