“Some
drugs commonly used to treat hay fever, insomnia and depression have been
linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, a
new study reports. And the longer the medications are taken, the greater the
risk.
“The
drugs include many popular prescription and over-the-counter medications. They
include tricyclic antidepressants like doxepin (Sinequan), antihistamines like
chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and bladder
control drugs like oxybutynin (Ditropan).
“All
of the medications are known to block a brain chemical called acetylcholine,
which transmits nerve signals throughout the brain and nervous system. The
drugs are known as ‘anticholinergic agents’ and are commonly taken for
disorders ranging from allergies and bladder problems to sleep and mood
disorders…
“A
link between sleep aids and dementia had been reported in earlier studies. And
anticholinergic drugs are known to affect cognitive abilities such as attention
and working memory in the short term. But this study was larger and more
robust, and was the first to show a dose-dependent relationship: taking the
drugs for longer periods substantially increased dementia risk. The study is
also the first to suggest that adverse effects of using such drugs may persist
long after people stop using them, and may not be reversible. The findings
appeared in JAMA Internal Medicine, from the American Medical Association…
“The
researchers found that over all, long-term use of the drugs significantly
increased the risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. The
study found, for example, that people taking at least 10 milligrams per day of
doxepin (Sinequan, a sleep and depression aid), 4 milligrams a day of
diphenhydramine (Benadryl, for allergies or sleep), or 5 milligrams a day of
oxybutynin (a bladder control drug) for more than three years would be at
increased risk for developing dementia…
“Using
such drugs, however, does not mean that you will get Alzheimer’s disease.
Surveys suggest that anywhere from 8 percent to 37 percent of Americans take
anticholinergic drugs on a regular basis, mostly for such conditions as
overactive bladder, seasonal allergies or depression. Most of these people will
not develop dementia.
“Still,
the results of this study clearly indicate that long-term use of these drugs
may be detrimental to the brain. One possibility is that ongoing use of
anticholinergic drugs results in damage to the brain that is similar to that
seen in Alzheimer’s disease…”
By
ALZinfo.org, The Alzheimer’s Information
Site. Reviewed
by William J. Netzer, Ph.D., Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research
Foundation at The Rockefeller University.
Source:
Shelly L. Gray, PharmD, MS; Melissa L. Anderson, MS;
Sascha Dublin, MD, PhD, et al: “Cumulative Use of Strong
Anticholinergic Medications and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study.”
JAMA Internal Medicine, January 26, 2015
For
the complete article, click here.
The number of Americans living with Alzheimer's disease is growing — and growing fast. An estimated 5.4 million Americans of all ages have Alzheimer's disease in 2016:
ReplyDelete• Of the 5.4 million Americans with Alzheimer's, an estimated 5.2 million people are age 65 and older, and approximately 200,000 individuals are under age 65 (younger-onset Alzheimer's).
• One in nine people age 65 and older has Alzheimer's disease.
• By mid-century, someone in the United States will develop the disease every 33 seconds.
These numbers will escalate rapidly in coming years, as the baby boom generation has begun to reach age 65 and beyond, the age range of greatest risk of Alzheimer's. By 2050, the number of people age 65 and older with Alzheimer's disease may nearly triple, from 5.2 million to a projected 13.8 million, barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent or cure the disease.
Previous estimates based on high range projections of population growth provided by the U.S. Census suggest that this number may be as high as 16 million.
http://www.alz.org/facts/overview.asp