As a House committee debated President Donald Trump’s signature domestic policy bill last year, Republican backers repeatedly emphasized that its changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as food stamps, wouldn’t affect vulnerable people. SNAP reforms would “restore integrity” to the program and ensure it works for the “most vulnerable among us, including children,” said Rep. Glenn “GT” Thompson, a Pennsylvania Republican and chair of the House Agriculture Committee.
Passing the bill would be a “historic accomplishment” that will ensure “those in need can continue to receive the assistance they need,” said Rep. John Rose, a Republican from Tennessee. And Rep. Dusty Johnson, a South Dakota Republican, said the bill would focus resources on the “neediest” Americans. “If you are a pregnant woman, your benefits are unaffected. If you have young children at home, your benefits are unaffected by this bill. If you are disabled, your benefits are unaffected by this bill.”
But nearly a year after the measure was signed into law,
the number of children receiving food assistance has plummeted by at least
776,000, according to a ProPublica analysis. At least 12 states break down
program participation by age, and of the 1,670,011 people who are no longer
receiving benefits in those states, 776,134, or 46%, were children.
Another analysis reached the same conclusion: Just last
month, the nonpartisan Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found
there were 700,000 fewer children receiving food assistance.
Arizona has seen the nation’s largest
percentage decline in SNAP participants; 205,223 children are no
longer receiving the benefit since July 2025, a 55% drop. Louisiana had the
second largest percent decline among children, 22%.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture, which oversees SNAP, hasn’t detailed the impact on children aided by the program, but initial figures show that compared to February 2025, 4.3 million fewer people received SNAP nationwide in February 2026, leaving 37.8 million participants. Although children weren’t the intended targets of the legislation’s changes, they’re increasingly “collateral damage,” said Katie Bergh, a senior policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
If states are trying to comply with the law’s changes to
SNAP, they’re likely not focusing on making the program accessible, Bergh said.
Other experts said that people may be pushed off the program because of
increased paperwork requirements to remain eligible.
States are required to impose work requirements for most
adult recipients, while preparing for two major cost shifts. In October, states
will begin covering 75% of the program’s administrative costs. States have been
paying 50% of those costs.
In addition, states will have to pay a larger share of
SNAP benefits starting in October 2027, based on their error rate. Error rates reflect
overpayments or underpayments of SNAP benefits. While sometimes characterized
as fraud, such errors are usually the fault of the state agency or the SNAP
recipient, according to USDA, which describes them as “largely unintentional.”
If a state agency is facing staffing shortages and
struggling to comply with new regulations, it will be harder for low-income
families to access the benefits, Bergh said. “Families are falling through the
cracks.”
In Massachusetts, for example, the share of SNAP
applicants who called an assistance line and couldn’t reach a worker rose from
61% in November to nearly 81% in March, according to the Department of
Transitional Assistance, which administers SNAP in the state. The state
agency did not respond to a request for comment.
A USDA spokesperson did not address ProPublica’s questions about the number of children who have lost access to SNAP. “There is no shortage of resources for the most vulnerable among us, including children,” the spokesperson said. The three members of the House Agriculture Committee who defended last year’s bill before its passage — Rose, Thompson and Johnson — did not respond to ProPublica’s questions about their statements now that many children no longer receive SNAP benefits.
Rep. Jim McGovern, a Massachusetts Democrat, asked Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins about her recent comments that it was “good news” that millions of people no longer receive SNAP. If more than 700,000 children have been dropped in the 12 states that report those figures, “that number’s going to be into the millions” when other states are included, he said. Rollins responded, “The 700,000 number of children is not correct,” contending that most people who were kicked off SNAP were “fraudulent.”
“That is not a nonpartisan group that gave you that
number,” she said. (ProPublica independently verified the figures reported by
the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.)
McGovern said he has talked to people who have lost food
assistance. “These are people who actually need and rely on this food
assistance to provide basic nutrition for their families,” he said.
Pressure to lower error rates “creates a temptation for the states to bump off working families,” said Parke Wilde, a food economist at Tufts University. Working families may have more volatile incomes, making it harder for state agencies to assess benefits accurately. “When they say we want to preserve SNAP for those with the greatest need, they’re sort of acknowledging that they want the scale of the SNAP program to be smaller,” he said.
Mariana Chilton, an expert in child hunger at University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, said a smaller program won’t save money in the long
run. Research shows that children who receive SNAP benefits are healthier, have
better academic outcomes, use hospitals less often and have better mental
health as teenagers.
She called the situation a “public health crisis” in the
making. “When children are not healthy, this affects children today and it
affects them throughout their lifetimes,” she said, likening hunger during
early childhood to a brain injury.
As Arizona’s SNAP
participation drops, nonprofits are feeling the effects. St. Mary’s
Food Bank, the largest in the state, has seen a 15% increase in need this year,
which translates into 300,000 more visits from people in search of food, said
Milt Liu, the chief executive officer.

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