The U.S. Department of Agriculture plans to soon close the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, a 6,500-acre agricultural research station in Maryland that is home to the nation’s premier bee research and disease diagnosis hub, the Beltsville Bee Research Lab.
The closure comes at a critical moment for bees. In
winter 2025, many beekeepers lost over half their operations as pesticide-resistant varroa mites spread, bringing
deadly viruses. The losses have led to low honey production, and soaring fuel costs have made
shipping bees cross-country for agricultural pollination increasingly
expensive, further stressing the industry.
Beekeeping
involves keeping colonies as healthy as possible. Often, beekeepers need
help. Allagash Brewing/Flickr, CC BY
During my 14 years researching bees and beekeepers, and in writing my
new book, “Bitter Honey: Big Ag’s Threat to Bees and the Fight to Save
Them,” I’ve seen beekeepers frequently
turn to the USDA bee labs for support during crises like this. Because
honey bees contribute roughly US$15 billion to U.S. crop production – native and
managed bees pollinate more than 130 crops – these labs help
stabilize the nation’s food system.
Today, that scientific support system is at risk, just as
beekeepers face their greatest challenges and native bee
populations continue to decline.
Why the Beltsville Bee Lab matters:
USDA’s bee researchers have served beekeepers for
over 130 years, including nearly 90 years at the Beltsville
station. One of the Beltsville Bee Lab’s standout services is its bee
disease diagnostic service, where beekeepers can send samples for
analysis free of charge.
Since the early 2000s, Beltsville researchers have helped
beekeepers respond to varroa mites – a primary
driver of high colony losses each year. Now, the lab is helping
them prepare for a deadlier mite that is infesting honey
bees in Asia, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, or “tropi” mites – by
developing detection and response protocols that beekeepers can use to protect
their colonies.
Varroa mites
are the leading source of stress on honey bees, affecting half of all colonies
at times. Other major stressors affect large numbers of colonies as well. Farm Doc Daily/University of Illinois
While the Beltsville Bee Lab supports beekeepers
nationwide, it’s located in a prime farming and beekeeping region. Its closure
would leave a critical research gap in the Northeast, where beekeepers help pollinate cranberries, squash, blueberries and
other crops.
Its location has also allowed researchers to conduct
extensive studies on winter colony losses, research that would be difficult to
replicate at the remaining USDA bee labs, which are primarily located in more
temperate climates.
Hidden costs of bee lab closures:
The USDA states that it will decommission the entire
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center because building maintenance and
renovations would cost an estimated $500 million. But closing the lab could cost beekeepers,
farmers and consumers far more.
For example, in winter 2025, beekeepers experienced
their highest losses in U.S. history. Many opened their
colonies in January that year and found that more than 60% of their colonies had died –
nearly 1.7 million colonies nationwide. Beekeepers contacted
Beltsville, and researchers quickly flew out to test affected colonies for
pesticide residues, diseases and varroa mites, data that could help guide
beekeepers’ treatment response.
Entomologist Jay Evans explains what the Beltsville Bee
Lab does and the diseases bees face:
A few weeks later, as the lab’s scientists were working
on the crisis, the Trump administration fired
probationary researchers and staff at the bee labs, along with thousands of other employees across the USDA. The
Beltsville team was hobbled, and the remaining staff restricted from
communicating with beekeepers.
Because of the communication lockdown, it took nearly six
months for researchers to deliver their
findings. By then, the season was over and beekeepers had been forced to
navigate the crisis on their own.
The loss of bee colonies ultimately cost beekeepers an estimated $600 million in lost honey production, pollination income and colony replacement costs – far more than the one-time projected costs to modernize the entire Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. These losses can hit consumer pocketbooks too.
When beekeepers lose nearly half their operations, they
often need to charge farmers more for pollination services to stay afloat.
Those added costs can ripple through the food system and affect what
everyone pays for the fruits, vegetables and nuts that depend on pollinators.
Beekeepers often transport their bees across the country
to meet pollination needs and produce honey at different times of year. The map
shows the movement of bees out of California to other states in summer and
fall. Jennifer K. Bond, et al., USDA Economic Research Service, 2021
More cuts planned to US pollinator research:
The Beltsville Bee Lab closure is not an isolated case.
The administration has proposed eliminating the
U.S. Geological Survey’s Ecosystems Mission Area, a move that could defund
the USGS Bee Lab, an essential resource for research on native bees.
It also plans to decommission 16 USGS research centers nationwide, including
the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center in North
Dakota, the highest honey-producing state in the nation. For
decades, beekeepers have brought colonies to forage on grasslands in the
region. Researchers have been tracking how the shift from grasslands to crops
has affected honey bee health and beekeeper revenue.
The U.S. Forest Service also faces widespread cuts,
including the planned closure of 57 of its 77 research stations throughout the United
States. Since the Forest Service manages over 193 million
acres of federal lands that support native plants and pollinators,
those closures could affect crucial pollinator habitat as well. All kinds of bees are valuable for
pollinating crops and flowers, not just managed honey bees. Jean
Hort/Flickr Creative Commons
These closures risk a severe brain drain. When the first Trump administration moved the USDA Economic Research Service from Washington to Kansas City, Missouri, in 2019, the agency lost over 75% of its experienced research staff.
A recent survey suggests that history may repeat itself. If the reorganization goes through, farmers and beekeepers will lose experts with decades of institutional and technical knowledge. The Beltsville Bee Lab is a key part of the often-unappreciated federal research infrastructure that supports the health of pollinators and the nation’s food supply.
If the USDA and the USGS move forward with their plans to
close bee labs and research sites, the result could be slower responses to bee threats, weaker tracking of
native bee populations and diminished pollinator habitat for bees – all of
which raise costs and risks for beekeepers, farmers and everyone who depends on
the food system.
-Truthdig




